1: This region lays on top of the head, more towards the forehead. It
is also known as the soft spot on babies. It is the space between the
skull bones that is covered with a membrane that close up usually by 18
months, but the coronal structure is still weaker than the rest of the
skull. Directly beneath this is the sensory portion of the brain &
under that the optic cavity. A downward strike of about 45 degrees
depending on the force could cause concussion, temporary blindness,
unconsciousness, brain hemorrhage, even death (very powerful blow).
2:
This region is located just below the center most point of the forehead
The nerve is on the outside of the skull thus when the bone is struck
it will trap the nerve. This could result in jarring the cerebral
hemispheres, concussion, unconsciousness, impaired vision, &
paralysis. If and only if maximum impact is applied, death could result
from brain hemorrhage.
3: I'm sure we all know where the temple
is but for those of you that don't know it is located on a horizontal
plane across from the top of the ear. It is the recessed part on each
side of the head. It is actually the bone tip of the sphenoid. The
trigeminal nerve runs through the temple. This nerve controls several
facial functions. Also passing through is the middle meningeal artery
which is the largest branch supplying dura matter. A direct hit could
break the tip off the sphenoid causing it to enter the brain. The
meningeal could burst. Contact to the trigeminal could result in loss
of control of facial functions. Compression of the brain, hemorrhage,
concussion, shock, & death are likely results of striking the
temple with a horizontal blow directed towards the opposite temple.
4:
The eyes are located...uh I think you know. The eyes are very sensitive
even to the slightest touch. They are held in by fascia bulbi (a soft
membrane) and eye muscles. This makes them easy to pop out. They are
also very soft, and if a blow reached the vitreous body (center of eye)
the eyeball would collapse. Other than causing temporary or permanent
loss of sight a deep thrust could puncture the brain causing death.
5:
These are located on each side of the head. Air is easily trapped in
the external acoustic meatus (the tunnel from the outer ear to the
inner ear) and forced into the eardrum causing it to bust. This in turn
ruptures the hammer or malleus within the middle ear. Damages would
cause severe pain, loss of hearing, bleeding from the mouth and ear,
and bleeding into the throat via the internal auditory tube. Also, the
inner ear is the center of equilibrium (balance) for the cerebellum. a
forceful strike could leave the victim sprawled on the ground with no
balance! The blow should be delivered horizontally driving into the ear.
6:
The mastoid is located directly behind the earlobe. It is the recessed
area where the skull meets the neck. It is filled with air pockets
which are used to communicate with the middle ear. A thrust should not
be used; rather apply pressure with a knuckle or thumbnail in an upward
direction. Prolonged pressure could cause damage to the auditory system.
7:
Known more commonly as the nose the septal cartilage is the hard
substance that makes up the nose. Two strikes are used here for
different measures:
7a: a horizontal strike causing breakage
of the septal cartilage and nasal bone which ruptures the angular vein
producing a lot of blood along with great pain, however, not enough to
stop some attackers
7b: an upward 45 degree strike forcing the
septal cartilage through the internal nasal cavity and crista galli (a
small bone formation between the nasal cavity & the brain) into the
brain. Death would be instantaneous because of compression of the brain.
8:
This is located beneath the nose and above the lips. It is the area
between the 2 lines running from the nose to upper lip. Many of the
facial nerves run through this area. A direct hit would cause the
sensory fibers to relay the shock to the pons, causing dizziness. A hit
would also cause damage to the maxilla bone which holds the gums &
teeth. This could cause extensive bleeding possibly scaring the victim
about the blood loss. A straight blow in needed to achieve this aiming
towards the back of the head.
9: This is the joint that holds
the jaw bone in place. It connects with the skull in front of the ear.
The joint is really made up of 2 separate joints, thus dislocation can
be unilateral or bilateral. With a 45 degree downward strike
(preferably with the mouth open) will dislocate the mandible (jaw
bone). An easier way to break the bone is to strike the joint itself or
anywhere on the jaw bone really while the head is turned to one side or
the other. This reduces the absorption of the blow by the neck. This
method requires the least amount of force.
10: The mandible is
the jaw bone and of course the tip is located on the very end of the
chin. Boxers use this point for a quick K.O. Hitting this area sends a
shock sensor to the cerebellum causing unconsciousness. Hit this point
with an upward blow.
11: This is the area at the frontal sides
of the neck. The sternocleidomastoid muscles run from behind the ear
down to the clavicle bones. Beneath these muscles lie the jugular vein
and cartoid artery which supply blood to the heart & brain. This
are is very sensitive. Try poking yourself there. A medium strike
results in dizziness. A more forceful blow could blister, swell,
collapse or or burst 1 or both of the blood lines. This could easily
cause death because of lack of oxygen to the heart or brain. A strike
should be done on an up-sloping plane at 45 degrees on either side of
the chin in the neck area.
12: Referred to as the windpipe or
throat; is located in the center portion of the neck. This is a tubular
passage running from the mouth to the stomach & lungs. When a
straight on blow is delivered the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple(the
lump in your throat)) and the hyaline cartilage (hold the windpipe in a
cylinder shape) are pushed through the larynx and/or trachea resulting
in blood drowning or partial or complete obstruction of the vital air
passages. The cartilages act as cutting devices.
13: The muscle
is the one that runs from the base of the neck to the shoulder. It
raises up on most people. The brachial plexus is a nerve center which
supplies info about the shoulder & arm down to the wrist. It runs
through the trapezius. Striking the trapezius (from either front or
back) with a downward 45 degree motion could paralyze the arm &
shoulder temporarily. With a maximun blow unconsciousness &
paralysis could be attained.
14: This lies between the
collarbones; it connects them. A blow here could dislodge the
collarbones from the sternum, collapsing the shoulders. But there are
better targets behind the sternum. Such as the aorta, the superior vena
cava (major blood lines to the brain), and the trachea all these pass
directly behind the sternum. A forceful blow would follow these
reactions : dislodge both clavicles from the sternum, the sternum would
split, the 2 clavicles & sternum would be forced against or
puncture the aorta and vena cava, the cartilages & bones would then
be forced against or puncture the trachea. The strike should be
delivered at a downward 45 degree angle. The suprasternal notch is a
MAJOR death target.
15: This is the bone on each side of the
body that runs from the shoulder to the center of the chest. It
supports the shoulder so breaking a clavicle (collarbone) would result
in the collapse of the shoulder. It is possible for the broken bone to
puncture a lung or possibly the heart or one of the things mentioned in
#14. A simple break would immobilize the victim due to structural
damage & pain. An inward & down motion should be used when
attacking also at 45 degrees.
16. This is the cardiac muscle
that pumps the blood throughout the body. It is hidden behind the sternum, (the breast plate in the middle of the chest). A forceful
strike would cause the heart to skip beats and collapse, ceasing the
movement of oxygen around the body resulting in death.
17. The
kidneys are located in the soft area of the back, at the bottom of the
rib cage. The front of the kidneys is protected by the floating ribs,
however, the back of the kidneys are exposed and vulnerable. There is
one on each side of the vertebral column. A firm strike to this area
generates a lot of pain and will cause structural damage. Internal
bleeding may result causing death.
18. This is the point at
which the top of the humerus and the scaptula meet in a ball and socket
joint. To dislocate the shoulder joint, one must place a foot or knee
under the arm and sharply pull and twist the arm. This will create a lot
of pain.
19. The elbow, which is a hinge joint, where the base
of the humerus and the forearm meet. This joint works only one way.
Therefore, by holding the back of this joint and applying pressure by
pulling the forearm in the opposite direction to which the subject is
facing it can be broken quite readily. This will cause pain and
immobility due to structural damage.
20. The carpals,
metacarpals and phalanges are the bones which make up the hand and
fingers. They are attached by means of a hinge joint and can be easily broken in much the same way as the elbow. This technique is
effective against holds and stranglers where the fingers can readily be
bent backwards. this will cause structural damage and generate pain.
21.
The Petalla, often known as the knee cap, is a small round piece of
bone which floats freely in the hinge joint of the femur and the tibia.
By using a downward strike the petella can easily become dislodged causing pain and immobility.
22. The tarsals and metatarsals
are the bones which make up the foot. They, like the carpals and
metacarpals, work on the basis of hinge joints. However, it is extremely
difficult to get the chance to, let alone bend these back. A preferred
method is to execute an extremely powerful downward strike such as a
stamp onto the bones causing them to break. the subject will then fall
to the floor as there is no base on which the body weight can be placed.
23.
The thoracic cage, often known as the rib cage, is the protective box
in which holds the vital organs. The rib cage consists of a number of
long bones that start at the spinal column and proceed around the body
connecting at the sternam in the center of the chest. A forceful strike
or stamp to the frontal area can cause the thoracic cage to collapse
resulting in the feeling of a tight chest, extreme pain and immobility.
In some cases the broken bones may piece the heart or lungs resulting
in death.
24. The floating ribs also begin at the spinal column
and extend around the body. However, they do not join at the front.
They are located below the thoracic cage and can be much more readily broken than those in the thoracic cage. In some instances the breakage
of these bones may pierce the liver or spleen resulting in the subject
rapidly bleeding to death.
25. The vertabral column or spinal
column, runs down the center of the back from the base of the skull to
the anus. It is made up of a large number of small disc shaped bones
connected together. The spinal column holds the spinal cord within it,
this is a thick collection of nerves that controls the middle and lower
body. A strong strike to this column would break the vertabrae and in
some cases snap the spinal cord resulting in full or partial paralysis.
26.
The diaphragm is a thick membrane located at the base of the sternum
that stretches from the front to the back and from left to right. The
diaphragm is the membrane that, by contracting and relaxing, changes
the volume in the lungs causing intake and expiration of oxygen. A
rising strike into this area would temporarily paralyze this membrane
and knock out all of the air out of the lungs. Thus, damage to this
organ would result in a inability to breath resulting in
unconsciousness and maybe death.
27. The testes are located
between the legs at the base of the body on a male. Even a slight
strike to this area would cause extreme pain , immobility and maybe
unconsciousness.
28. The coccyx is a small collection of bones
located at the base of the spinal column at the anal opening. A
forceful strike to this area would cause extreme pain and immobility.
29.
The armpit is a concave area of tissue that is located under the arm
where the upper arm and main body join. Within the armpit is a large
gathering of nerves. Although this area is not often accessible, a
strike to the armpit would cause intense pain and immobility.
30.
The posterior cutaneous is a large collection of nerve cells found at
the back of the upper leg. A pinching technique to this area would
cause sharp pain and a sudden reflex action to move.
31. The
liver is located on the right side of the body extending across to a
point on the left. The top of the liver is protected by the ribs on
both sides. However the bottom of the liver, found on the right side is
unprotected. The liver is saturated with blood and any damage to this
organ would result in a rapid loss of blood due to internal bleeding.
Resulting in death.
32. The spleen is similar to the liver in
that it too is saturated with blood. However, the spleen is a smaller
organ and is found on the left side. It is completely protected by the
ribs. Damage to this organ would also produce rapid blood loss due to
internal bleeding. Resulting in death.